Yes, the process name is checked if no window title matches the search string.
The class name doesn't work either? Note that clicking the class name adds it to the "Window Title" field with a "+" prefix, without which the action will not search class names.
If the targeting parameters are correct, something must be stopping VoiceAttack from successfully getting the handle for the game window.
Given how popular Elite:Dangerous is among VoiceAttack users (including in VR), and that this has not been reported as an issue before, it may be the configuration of your machine, or specifically the game (given that switching to Excel presumably does work).
Just in case, if you're running any plugins or additional software (E.G. EDDI), disable plugin support, and run the game by itself (and VoiceAttack), then check whether the window handle is found.